The history of city and urbanism in Iran and Islam 1 1 2020 1 1 Investigation and explanation of the affective factors in the urban development of Khorasan in the first two centuries of the Hijrah 1 22 FA Khorasan was a land with a special strategic position, whose existence during the course of history was closely linked to the region's major political developments. The emergence and expansion of Islam in this land was a turning point in the history of its political developments, which ultimately led to important results such as the development of urbanization in this land. Due to the lack of resources and information about the first two centuries of the Hijrah, addressing issues related to this period of time has made the work very hard for the researchers and even prevented them from addressing the issues of this important historical period altogether. For this reason, research on this subject has more often been neglected. Using a new approach and by relying on the sources of the first two centuries of the Hijri by explaining the capacities that exist in the land of Khorasan This research tries to answer this main question. In particular, what factors played an effective role in the process of development and urbanization of Khorasan in the first two centuries of the Hijri? Findings of the research suggest that factors such as geographically privileged status and adversarial status, increasing in human resource growth due to the arrival of numerous Arab tribes and the necessity of their settlement for the continuation of military operations and the necessity of the formation of the religious-political rule; triggered the urban development of Khorasan. The purpose of this research is to identify the causes and factors that have had an impact on the urban development process in Khorasan. This descriptive-analytical study, based on the early Islam sources, explains the course of Khorasan urban development in the time of its governors.

The history of city and urbanism in Iran and Islam 1 1 2020 1 1 An analyses on the development of Historical Geographic of Basht 23 44 FA The Basht area is located south of Kuh-e-Giluyah and Boyer-Ahmad Province. This geographic unit has been one of the most influential areas in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad and west of Fars for more than two centuries. Although the remnants of the works remained in different periods, it was certified as the historical date of the region, but the emergence of the political power of this geographical unit began in Kohgiluyeh of Nadri period and with the appointment of the ruler of the area by Karim Khan Zand was officially recognized as the governor of Kuh-e-Giluyah province. From this time on, the Basht played a very important role in political-historical equations in the south of the country until the end of the Pahlavi period. The present research problem is the study and explanation of the historical geography of the Basht in the studied period and It has been shown in a descriptive-analytical way and an explanation of statistical data that Political games of power, regional disputes, the emergence of illnesses and the discovery of oil were the most important factors influencing the historical geography of the region.

The history of city and urbanism in Iran and Islam 1 1 2020 1 1 The role of the Aghlabids Dynasty in the evolution of urban planning and Islamic architecture in the Maghrib al-Adna 45 62 FA The Bani Al-Aghlab’s state (184-296 AH) was formed in the Maghrib al-Adna and was confirmed by the Abbasid caliphate. During this period of architecture, new and tremendous changes took place, leading to the emergence of a new form of urbanization. In the Urban Architecture of Aghlabids, a combination of Roman-Byzantine, Amazighi, Iranian-Islamic architectural features has been seen. This evolutionary process has been the result of a policy of delusionalism and a lack of bias in the utilization of the various techniques of other nations in architecture. Cities like Abbasiyah I and II and Raghadeh are the real actors of this mix of techniques in this period, besides, mosques as the other element of Islamic architecture did not deviate from this effect, so that developments in the new architecture can be found in the mosques of, Abbasia,Qirwan and Raghadeh.

The history of city and urbanism in Iran and Islam 1 1 2020 1 1 The research on the Economical Policies of primary Sassanids kings in case of fundamentality and the revolution of trade cities 63 76 FA parviztalaee@gmail.com When the Sassanians as the great city developers of ancient Iran, gained power by ousting the Ashkanids, they began to destroy independent and semi-independent governments of Ashkanid age. The Sassanians tried to consolidate their presence in these regions by constructing or reconstructing cities. These were done by the Sassanians to centralize administrative and political institutions. Moreover, the urbanization and city developing a policy of the Sassanians helped to the economical centralization of the government. The sassanids kings by centralization and supporting the people and craftsmen in these newly built cities turned these regions into strategic zones. Urbanization and centralizations were the most important aspect of the sassanid government as sustainable policies for changing the economic structures. The investigation of the reasons and consequences of this policy illuminates many points in the economical history of this government. The expansion of urbanization and developing cities by the support of the Sassanian government had a positive impact on the urban industrial commercial activities. With the development of urbanization, the industries and commerce improved and a split emerged in Hutuxshbod class of the Vasteruoshan.this increased the proponents of the governments.

The history of city and urbanism in Iran and Islam 1 1 2020 1 1 Recreating the mental image of the city of Bojnourd during the Qajar period with a cultural approach 77 96 FA Paying attention to the history in different periods of time and how culture affects the development of cities requires gainig knowledge about each city and its cultural continuity. During the Qajar period, the city of Bojnourd based on its cultural backgrounds has experienced specific changes affecting the structure of the city over a period of three hundred years. The present research, by adopting the "Retroductive research" strategy, seeks to find a subjective picture of the structure of the Qajarid city of Bojnurd relying on a historical-cultural approach based on all levels of society. To achieve this goal, the mental image of the city of Bojnourd during the Qajar era is based on written and historical documents. The cultural approach to the history of the city is a historical innovation and its recognition can deepen our understanding of the historical and physical evolution of the city. The Retroductive method of studies acknowledges that all social rules lie in a wider context of social processes and layers of social reality. In order to find the hypothesized model scheme for these layers, "Appleyard's" mental structure methodology -specifically the cognitive mode- has been used. Based on this method, the main elements shaping the structure of the city of Bojnourd during the Qajar era have been recreated. The findings of the research show that in the cultural description of the important Qajar urban areas, the street, mansion and garden, have been the main factors shaping the urban actions and the constructive framework of the city. Also, the garden and mansion as the cultural foundation of the Shadlou family and the tribes living in the city of Bojnurd represent the cultural identity of the city. These three components have contributed to the formation of the physical form and culture of the city.