The history of city and urbanism in Iran and Islam 1 4 2021 2 1 Explaining the causes of the economic flourishing of Arajan district from the first century to the fourth century AH. 1 21 FA mohammad azagh University of Esfahan Mehdi Sajedi mehr University of Esfahan zargham abedi khah University of shiraz  Abstract Arajan was one of five states of Fars,  which its  golden  age of economic prosperity was determined in the Buwayhid period. The key feature of its economic prosperity was hidden in the fertility of surrounding terrains, closeness to sea, and its geographical location. The region placed at the beginning of two important communication routes with Baghdad, and it was the communication intermediate between Iran plateau and Mesopotamia. This factor made it an important commercial and strategic center, and brings it undeniable strategic importance. Since trade had always played a critical role in states economy, the state with port cities such as Mahrouban, Janabeh, and Siniz, controlled the region trade. Further some cities on the state played prominent role in the industry of that period with their industries. In the state, despite the presence of high water Rivers such as Tab and Shirin, and fertile surrounding terrains, thriving field of agriculture had been provided, and for long times’ considerable tax income of the region was one of the arteries in economic life of governing states of the region. Result of the affairs was increase and adsorption of population, prosperity, and development on Arjan at the first AD centuries. The present article tries to explain the causes of Arajanchr('39')s economic prosperity from the first century to the fourth century AH, using the method of historical analysis. The achievement of the article shows that the existence of an extensive communication network, maritime trade, prosperous agriculture and flourishing industries, have caused the economic prosperity of Aarjan Furnace from the first century to the fourth century AH.

The history of city and urbanism in Iran and Islam 1 4 2021 2 1 Investigation of the Formation Process and Transformations in the Urban Fabric and Physical Structures of Anarak Historical Settlement 22 57 FA Melika Amirzadeh Anarak is the center of Anarak County, which is located on the north-east of Naein. The old urban fabric of Anarak, surrounded by several rocky mountains, is one of the valuable historical fabrics of Iran. This urban fabric involves a remarkable physio-spatial system and several valuable architectural heritages. Remains of the fortress and towers, gates and narrow passages of this settlement reveals the key role of defensive factor in the city formation and development. After investigating the urban fabric, it is tangible that in addition to the defensive factors, climatic, cultural, social, and economic factors have also played a crucial role in shaping the form of urban fabric during each period. Despite the fact that the old urban fabric of Anarak has valuable physical properties, the modern fabric formed after the Islamic Revolution did not follow any of the characteristics of the old urban fabric. The approach of the present study is qualitative, and this study attempted to collect the required data through library studies as well as field research. For this purpose, different techniques, involving documentary studies, field surveys, and interviews with local people, were utilized. For data analysis, the qualitative content analysis was used. Therefore, the formation of Anarak and its development during various historical periods were firstly studied. Then, different types of urban fabric, urban structures, and historical buildings of various historical era were investigated. Ultimately, the tourist quotes about the state of the city in the past ages were discussed.

The history of city and urbanism in Iran and Islam 1 4 2021 2 1 International cooperations in controlling the plague of Sistan region in the years 1324-1325 H / 1906-1907 58 88 FA Tahereh Kheiri Kharazmi univercity Mohammad hasan Raznahan Kharazmi univercity There have always been fears of plague in Iran and the world since ancient times. Although it is less prevalent in Iran due to its natural and religious characteristics, it has become one of the leading causes of death and decline in human population in the middle Ages, especially caused by the transport from neighboring countries. In the last 150 years, with the rise of international commerce, the epidemic of plague has taken on another shape and scope, which its control was beyond the power of a dysfunctional government such as Qajar. Neighboring countries and countries that saw their interests at stake in the region came together, helping to set up organizations and send specialist doctors to Iran to control the disease. A clear example of these partnerships can be found in the control of the plague in the Sistan area. The outbreak of plague in Sistan was of its Strategic, commercial and economic importance both for Iranian government and European countries with commercial and strategic interest in India. This study, while overviewing the history of plague outbreaks and therapeutic measures for this disease throughout history, studies the international cooperation in control of the epidemic plague in Sistan region from 1324-1325 H / 1906-1907 relying on foreign relations documents.  

The history of city and urbanism in Iran and Islam 1 4 2021 2 1 A study of the influence of Greek culture on the city and urban planning in the Parthian period 89 107 FA hossein mohammadi zagros zand After Alexander's conquests in Iran, Greek-Hellenistic or Hellenistic civilization and culture left its mark on various levels. This influence remained in the political, religious, artistic, architectural, and urban spheres during the Seleucid and Parthian periods. Cities - or police, with the culture of Hellenism, and in the form of various towns and colonies expanded and caused changes in the culture and civilization of the city and urbanization in Parthian Iran. Greek culture in various matters of urbanization in Iran undoubtedly had various effects, especially the Parthian era. The influence and results of Greek culture on the city and urbanization in the Parthian period is the main question of this research. ; The findings show that this influence was transient and temporary and reached its lowest point in the late Parthian era and the rise of the Sassanids. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and in the form of a library and is in the line of theoretical research

The history of city and urbanism in Iran and Islam 1 4 2021 2 1 A Study of the Historical and Political Geography of Koch Mountain in Southeastern Iran 108 131 FA Mohamad Mirdadi Najafabad Azad University feyzolah Boushasb goushe Najafabad Azad University feyzolah Boushasb goushe Najafabad Azad University A mountain that is called Bashakerd now,  was used to be called Kuch in the first century of Islam. It is located in Southeast of Iran and East of Hormozgan province. It had been habitat of Qofs people from ancient time. Little is known of the history of this mountain but after invasion of Arabs to Iran and beginning battles in southeast, many stories have been narrated about Kuch. Kuch people (Baskardis) had been main entities of southeast of Iran during the first five centuries of Islam. These people had many ups and downs during these centuries, finally after being defeated by Qavurt, Seljuq Prince, in 5th century A.H, this name was disappeared from minds and resources. In next centuries the mountain was called Bashakerd and its inhabitants were called Baskardis. Concerning viewpoints on Kuch ethnic, studying the history of the mountain during the first century A.H can be helpful to answer many questions. In historic and geographical resources belong to mentioned century much information on position, language, religion, and politics of  the mountain is given. The current study aims at investigating evolutions of this district  using resources belong to the first centuries of Islam. By analyzing stories, questions on ups and downs of the mountain and its people , their religion, and position are answered.